英検１級模擬試験第1回（筆記）

Question 1

The senator's (　　) refusal to compromise frustrated even members of her own party, who had hoped for a quick agreement on the budget.

Accepted Answer

adamant

Question 2

Investigators concluded that the accident had been caused by a junior technician's (　　) error; he had simply pressed the wrong button.

Accepted Answer

inadvertent

Question 3

The new law is expected to (　　) the spread of fake news by requiring social media companies to remove false posts within 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

curtail

Question 4

Despite repeated warnings from scientists, the government showed a surprising degree of (　　) toward the growing pollution problem, taking no action for nearly a decade.

Accepted Answer

apathy

Question 5

The CEO's resignation came at a critical (　　) for the company, which was in the middle of negotiating a merger with its largest rival.

Accepted Answer

juncture

Question 6

A: Did you read the report before the meeting? B: I only gave it a (　　) glance, I'm afraid. I didn't have time to look at the details.

Accepted Answer

cursory

Question 7

The charity was accused of (　　) donations, as only a small portion of the money it raised was actually spent on the children it claimed to help.

Accepted Answer

squandering

Question 8

Although the two countries signed a peace treaty, deep (　　) between their peoples remained, and violence broke out again only a few years later.

Accepted Answer

animosity

Question 9

The professor's argument rests on a (　　): she assumes that because two events happened at the same time, one must have caused the other.

Accepted Answer

fallacy

Question 10

Several witnesses came forward with evidence that (　　) the suspect, and he was released from prison after serving eight years for a crime he did not commit.

Accepted Answer

exonerated

Question 11

Critics warn that cutting funding for public libraries will (　　) inequality, as low-income families rely on them for free Internet access.

Accepted Answer

exacerbate

Question 12

After the scandal, the company hired a public relations firm to help (　　) its damaged reputation.

Accepted Answer

salvage

Question 13

The once-thriving mining town is now home to only a few hundred people, as its population has (　　) steadily since the mine closed in the 1980s.

Accepted Answer

dwindled

Question 14

The rainforest's (　　) wildlife includes thousands of plant and insect species that are found nowhere else on Earth.

Accepted Answer

indigenous

Question 15

The government imposed a (　　) on commercial whaling, temporarily stopping all hunting until scientists could assess the size of the population.

Accepted Answer

moratorium

Question 16

The novelist's (　　) output is remarkable: she has published more than sixty books in just thirty years.

Accepted Answer

prolific

Question 17

Although the company claimed the layoffs were necessary to cut costs, many employees believed the (　　) reason concealed a plan to replace them with cheaper overseas workers.

Accepted Answer

ostensible

Question 18

The mayor tried to (　　) angry residents by promising to reconsider the plan to build a waste incinerator near the school.

Accepted Answer

placate

Question 19

After months of arguing, the two sides finally managed to (　　) a compromise that both could accept.

Accepted Answer

hammer out

Question 20

The protests, which had attracted thousands of people at first, gradually (　　) as winter arrived and the government made small concessions.

Accepted Answer

fizzled out

Question 21

Rather than reading every document carefully, the lawyer quickly (　　) the files, looking for any mention of the missing payment.

Accepted Answer

leafed through

Question 22

The company's founder has decided to (　　) after forty years, handing control of the business to her daughter.

Accepted Answer

bow out

Question 23

英文「The Resource Curse」の空所(23)に入る語句

Accepted Answer

the way that the wealth they generate affects the rest of the economy and the political system

Question 24

英文「The Resource Curse」の空所(24)に入る語句

Accepted Answer

has since been observed in many economies that depend heavily on a single export

Question 25

英文「The Resource Curse」の空所(25)に入る語句

Accepted Answer

Moreover

Question 26

英文「The Puzzle of Moral Licensing」の空所(26)に入る語句

Accepted Answer

function like a credit that could be spent on later bad behavior

Question 27

英文「The Puzzle of Moral Licensing」の空所(27)に入る語句

Accepted Answer

encouraging small good deeds could sometimes backfire

Question 28

英文「The Puzzle of Moral Licensing」の空所(28)に入る語句

Accepted Answer

As a result

Question 29

What is suggested about the question Erasto Mpemba asked Denis Osborne?

Accepted Answer

Although some people initially found it foolish, it led to a scientific investigation of the phenomenon.

Question 30

According to the passage, one reason the Mpemba effect has been difficult to confirm is that

Accepted Answer

the outcome of experiments can change depending on how they are set up and how freezing is defined.

Question 31

What does the author imply about the study published in 2020?

Accepted Answer

It showed that a related effect is possible, though not necessarily that it explains Mpemba's observation.

Question 32

What does the passage say about the observation of the solar flare in 1859?

Accepted Answer

It was confirmed by a second person who saw it without knowing about Carrington's observation.

Question 33

What happened to the telegraph system during the 1859 storm?

Accepted Answer

Some operators were able to send messages without using their normal power supply.

Question 34

According to the passage, why would a storm like the one in 1859 cause more damage today?

Accepted Answer

Modern society relies on electrical and space-based systems that can be harmed by geomagnetic activity, and key equipment is difficult to replace quickly.

Question 35

Which of the following statements would the author of the passage most likely agree with?

Accepted Answer

Although some precautions are now in place, society is still not adequately prepared for a severe geomagnetic storm.

語句	意味	出てきた問題
frugal	倹約的な・質素な	大問1 (1)
innocuous	無害な・当たりさわりのない	大問1 (1)
tenuous	（根拠・関係などが）薄弱な	大問1 (1)
adamant	（意見・態度が）断固とした・頑として譲らない	大問1 (1)
inadvertent	うっかりした・不注意による	大問1 (2)
belligerent	好戦的な・けんか腰の	大問1 (2)
clandestine	秘密の・内密の	大問1 (2)
staunch	忠実な・頑固な	大問1 (2)
exacerbate	悪化させる	大問1 (3)
embezzle	横領する	大問1 (3)
exonerate	（罪・責任から）解放する・無実と証明する	大問1 (3)
curtail	（勢い・量を）抑える・削減する	大問1 (3)
havoc	大混乱・大損害	大問1 (4)
rapport	（心の通じ合う）信頼関係	大問1 (4)
apathy	無関心・無気力	大問1 (4)
discord	不和・不一致	大問1 (4)
hiatus	（活動の）中断・休止	大問1 (5)
juncture	（重大な）時点・局面	大問1 (5)
facade	（建物の）正面・見せかけ	大問1 (5)
vestige	名残・痕跡	大問1 (5)
cursory	大ざっぱな・ぞんざいな	大問1 (6)
copious	おびただしい・豊富な	大問1 (6)
tenacious	粘り強い	大問1 (6)
vehement	激しい・熱烈な	大問1 (6)
squandering	浪費すること・むだづかいすること	大問1 (7)
rescinding	（法律・決定を）取り消すこと	大問1 (7)
condoning	（悪いことを）大目に見ること	大問1 (7)
placating	なだめること	大問1 (7)
leeway	（行動・判断の）自由・余地	大問1 (8)
clout	（政治的な）影響力	大問1 (8)
animosity	敵意・憎しみ	大問1 (8)
impetus	勢い・はずみ	大問1 (8)
misnomer	誤った名称・呼び名	大問1 (9)
deadlock	行き詰まり	大問1 (9)
fallacy	（論理の）誤り・誤った考え	大問1 (9)
glut	供給過剰	大問1 (9)
coerced	強要した	大問1 (10)
reprimanded	叱責した	大問1 (10)
galvanized	（人を）奮い立たせた	大問1 (10)
exonerated	（罪・責任から）解放した・無実を証明した	大問1 (10)
quell	（反乱・不安を）鎮める	大問1 (11)
waive	（権利・料金を）放棄する・免除する	大問1 (11)
solicit	求める・募る	大問1 (11)
salvage	（危機から）救い出す・立て直す	大問1 (12)
usurp	（権力・地位を）不当に奪う	大問1 (12)
revoke	（免許・許可を）取り消す	大問1 (12)
rebuke	厳しくしかる	大問1 (12)
proliferated	急増した	大問1 (13)
deplored	強く非難した・嘆いた	大問1 (13)
dwindled	しだいに減った	大問1 (13)
entailed	（必然的に）伴った	大問1 (13)
defunct	消滅した・機能していない	大問1 (14)
erratic	不規則な・気まぐれな	大問1 (14)
indigenous	（その土地に）固有の・在来の	大問1 (14)
superfluous	余分な・不必要な	大問1 (14)
deluge	殺到・大洪水	大問1 (15)
moratorium	（一時的な）停止・禁止	大問1 (15)
culprit	犯人・原因	大問1 (15)
conundrum	難問	大問1 (15)
perfunctory	おざなりな・形だけの	大問1 (16)
prolific	多作の・多産な	大問1 (16)
mundane	ありふれた・平凡な	大問1 (16)
unscrupulous	不道徳な・悪徳な	大問1 (16)
impeccable	申し分のない・完ぺきな	大問1 (17)
rampant	（悪いことが）はびこる・まん延した	大問1 (17)
ostensible	表向きの・うわべの	大問1 (17)
sporadic	散発的な・ときどきの	大問1 (17)
relinquish	（権利・地位を）手放す	大問1 (18)
placate	なだめる	大問1 (18)
procure	（苦労して）手に入れる・調達する	大問1 (18)
rescind	（法律・決定を）取り消す	大問1 (18)
hammer out	（議論して）苦労してまとめ上げる	大問1 (19)
fob off	（にせ物などを）つかませる・ごまかす	大問1 (19)
peter out	（しだいに）消える・尻すぼみになる	大問1 (19)
wolf down	（食べ物を）がつがつ食べる	大問1 (19)
chickened out	おじけづいてやめた	大問1 (20)
fizzled out	（しだいに）立ち消えになった	大問1 (20)
clammed up	急に黙りこんだ	大問1 (20)
lashed out	激しく非難した・殴りかかった	大問1 (20)
pored over	熟読した・じっくり調べた	大問1 (21)
leafed through	（本・書類を）ぱらぱらめくった	大問1 (21)
tinkered with	（あちこち）いじくり回した	大問1 (21)
rattled off	（すらすらと）並べ立てた	大問1 (21)
crop up	（問題などが）急に起こる	大問1 (22)
hole up	隠れる・閉じこもる	大問1 (22)
bow out	（地位・活動から）身を引く・引退する	大問1 (22)
nod off	居眠りする	大問1 (22)
abundant	豊富な	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
apparent contradiction	一見矛盾していること	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
manufacturing sector	製造業（部門）	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
wither	しぼむ・衰える	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
undermine	（徐々に）むしばむ・弱める	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
entrench	（権力などを）固める・定着させる	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
revenue	（国の）歳入・収入	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
swing	（大きな）変動	大問2 [A] The Resource Curse
reinforce	強める・補強する	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
virtuous	徳の高い・善良な	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
ethically	倫理的に	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
prejudiced	偏見のある	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
subsequent	その後の・次の	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
tolerant of	～に寛容な	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
scrutiny	綿密な調査・監視	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
replication	再現・追試	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
overstate	誇張する	大問2 [B] The Puzzle of Moral Licensing
pressed for time	時間に追われて	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
defy	（常識などに）反する・逆らう	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
evaporate	蒸発する	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
dissolved	溶けた	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
reproduce	再現する	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
analogous	類似した	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
suspended	（液体中に）浮遊した	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
dismiss	（考えなどを）退ける・はねつける	大問3 [A] Can Hot Water Freeze Faster?
sunspot	（太陽の）黒点	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
flare	（太陽の）フレア・閃光	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
geomagnetic storm	磁気嵐	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
hurl	投げつける・放り出す	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
induce	（電流などを）引き起こす・誘導する	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
disrupt	混乱させる・中断させる	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
transformer	変圧器	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
comparable	匹敵する・同等の	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
commission	（研究・作品を）依頼する	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
inadequate	不十分な	大問3 [B] The Storm from the Sun
voter turnout	投票率	ライティングで使える表現（英作文）
legitimacy	正統性・合法性	ライティングで使える表現（英作文）
mandate	（選挙で得た）信任・権限	ライティングで使える表現（英作文）
prioritize	優先する	ライティングで使える表現（英作文）
civic engagement	市民の（社会・政治への）参加	ライティングで使える表現（英作文）
critics argue that	批判する人々は～と主張する	ライティングで使える表現（英作文）
reintroduce	（動物を）再導入する	ライティングで使える表現（要約）
object that	～だと反対する	ライティングで使える表現（要約）
resent	～に反感をもつ・腹を立てる	ライティングで使える表現（要約）
livestock	家畜	ライティングで使える表現（要約）

英検１級模擬試験第1回（筆記）

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